Yehuda Lave is an author, journalist, psychologist, rabbi, spiritual teacher, and coach, with degrees in business, psychology and Jewish Law. He works with people from all walks of life and helps them in their search for greater happiness, meaning, business advice on saving money, and spiritual engagement.
Active rejection of the most basic concept in Judaism—belief in G-d—by a religious figure is pretty fringe stuff in the eyes of most American Jews.
The news media had a field day recently with the man-bites-dog story of the self-proclaimed atheist who was recently named Chief Chaplain at Harvard University. The New York Times wrote about it positively, even quoting a former haredi Harvard co-ed who approves.
After nearly 400 years of having chief chaplains who believe in G-d, Harvard has gone in a surprising new direction. Not only that, but the new head chaplain, Greg Epstein, is Jewish and a graduate of the rabbinical ordination program at an institution called the International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism.
Undoubtedly some parents of Jewish students at Harvard will be troubled at the prospect of their sons or daughters possibly coming under the influence of a passionate advocate of atheism. Active rejection of the most basic concept in Judaism—belief in G-d—by a religious figure is pretty fringe stuff in the eyes of most American Jews.
The problem is not that someone is an atheist; that's his business. The problem is that Greg Epstein presents himself as a rabbi, although his core belief system is rejected by every Jewish religious denomination of note—Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist.
The power of the "rabbi" title is that it confers Jewish legitimacy and respectability on whatever the rabbi, even a self-proclaimed one, says. Jewish students at Harvard who don't know better will hear that "the rabbi" said something, and assume that what he said represents Judaism, not just a tiny fringe element on the Jewish spectrum.
Whether Greg Epstein will influence Jewish students' religious beliefs remains to be seen. It could be argued that these students are more likely to be influenced by their professors, whom they often perceive as experts and authority figures.
But where Epstein's influence may well be felt more strongly is on Jewish students' perceptions of Israel, the Holocaust, and antisemitism.
Because he is Jewish, and because of the power of his new position, Epstein will have significant new platforms from which to share his views on Jewish issues—at campus events, in the news media, and well beyond. And Epstein's views on Jewish issues are unquestionably extreme.
A Tweet from Epstein on April 28, 2021 employed the ugly term "Jewish supremacists" to demean Jewish nationalists who were marching in Jerusalem. That slur was coined by neo-Nazis and then more recently adopted by the radical left.
One indication of Epstein's understanding of the Holocaust was his 2019 tweet calling American detention facilities for illegal migrants "concentration camps."
If you think that Epstein could not possibly have meant literally that those facilities are similar to concentration camps, note that he wrote they "can LITERALLY [his caps], in a historically accurate way, be called concentration camps."
No, they can't be, which is why the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum and other scholarly Holocaust institutions strongly denounced those comparisons.
As for Israel—when Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections, Epstein was part of a group of leftwing rabbis who rushed to urge President Obama to refrain from rejecting the terrorist victors. "We urge you to maintain a cautious approach" toward Hamas, in order to advance the goal of a Palestinian state, they wrote to the president.
Since Epstein is a member of the J Street Rabbinic Cabinet, that's pretty much what we should expect. J Street, the controversial Jewish pressure group that lobbies for a Palestinian Arab state, consistently supports Palestinian Arab demands against Israel. The leaders of J Street seem to blame Israel for what goes wrong, no matter how extreme or violent the Palestinian Arabs are.
Is this the message on Judaism and Israel that Jewish parents want their college-age children to hear at Harvard? Up to them, but to me, that doesn't seem like a very attractive return on their $51,925 in annual tuition payments.
Moshe Phillips is a commentator on Jewish affairs whose writings appear regularly in the American and Israeli press. He was a U.S. delegate to the 38th World Zionist Congress in 2020. His views are his own.
WASHINGTON - Nearly 60 percent of religious-bias hate crimes in America in 2020 targeted Jews, according to data released by the Federal Bureau of Investigations on Monday. Despite the high figure, it still represents a decrease from 2019.
According to the FBI, overall hate crimes rose six percent from 2019, marking the highest total of reported hate crimes in 12 years. Of the 7,759 overall reported hate crimes, 1,174 targeted victims due to their religion — 676 of which (57.5 percent) targeted Jews, down from 953 incidents in 2019.
Infected Anti-Vaxers Impede Israel's Quality of Care as Hospital Staffs Are Near Collapse
Israeli hospital administrators warn that the quality of care for patients in their Corona wards is compromised because of the high number of patients. In a conversation with the director-general of the health ministry Prof. Nachman Ash on Sunday, the administrators said the workload in their Corona wards is heavy and that this may also affect other patients in the various hospitals who are not receiving optimal care because of the allocation of resources to Corona patients.
Military Intelligence researchers noted Monday morning that "most of the critical patients today are unvaccinated. The number of critical patients who are not vaccinated is about 10 times greater than the patients who were vaccinated with the booster dose."
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The same military intelligence experts also noted that "morbidity indices continue to be very high and the coefficient of infection is still frenetic due to the characteristics of this period – an increase in the number of events with a high potential for infection, along with changes in the scope of tests during the holidays."
This dire warning comes against the background of a surprising slowdown of the spread of the coronavirus in Israel. The encouraging news is the continuation of the declining trend in the coefficient of infection, which now stands at 0.92, meaning that the pandemic is retreating. No doubt, this development has to do with the fact that 3,084,656 Israelis have so far received the third vaccine dose.
5,587,006 have received the second dose of the vaccine, and 6,068,531 the first dose.
According to the Health Ministry, as of Monday morning, the rate of critical patients by age groups per 100,000 has been:
For people age 60 and under: among the unvaccinated – 7.4; vaccinated without the booster shot –1.7; vaccinated with booster shot – 0.6.
For people age 60 and over: unvaccinated – 185.8; vaccinated without the booster shot –38.5; vaccinated with booster shot – 4.3.
There were 6,456 new verified Corona patients on Sunday, out of 126,731 people who were tested, or 5.09% positive.
As of Monday morning, there are 714 critical patients, out of whom 194 are on respirators. To date, 7,541 have died from the pandemic since its outbreak in February 2020.
Are you confused by the inconsistency in the above report? Welcome to the club. But out of this mish-mash of seemingly contradictory information, one indisputable fact emerges: unvaccinated people are jamming Israel's healthcare facilities, impacting the entire system and endangering the lives of everyone else, if not through direct infection then by denial of medical service to everyone else.
Much has been said in the past about the right of a democracy to protect itself by suspending certain rights in time of an emergency. It is my personal opinion (and to be clear, not the position of this paper) that this appears to be such a time in Israel, where the government should appeal to the legislator and the courts for the temporary suspension of individual freedom for the duration of a shot in the arms of vaccine refusniks.
Dr. Osnat Lev Zion Korach, director of Assaf Harofeh Shamir Hospital, told Kan 11 News on Monday morning: "Hospitals need additional staff urgently. The teams are very committed and do their best, but we took them to the end of more than a year and a half of extremely hard work. The state needs to understand that it no longer needs ventilation machines but teams that will operate everything. If they do not prioritize and there are no standards for medical staff – it will be just like the parable about the horse who got used to not eating and died."
The Real Danger Of That Atheist Harvard Chaplin
By Moshe Phillips
The news media had a field day recently with the man-bites-dog story of the self-proclaimed atheist who was recently named Chief Chaplain at Harvard University.
After nearly 400 years of having chief chaplains who believe in G-d, Harvard has gone in a surprising new direction. Not only that, but the new head chaplain, Greg Epstein, is Jewish and a graduate of the rabbinical ordination program at something called the "International Institute for Secular Humanistic Judaism."
Undoubtedly some parents of Jewish students at Harvard will be troubled at the prospect of their sons or daughters coming under the influence of a passionate advocate of atheism. Active rejection of the most basic concept in Judaism—belief in G-d—is pretty fringe stuff in the eyes of most American Jews.
The problem is not that Greg Epstein is an atheist; that's his business. The problem is that he presents himself as a rabbi, even though his core belief system is rejected by every Jewish religious denomination of note—Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist.
The power of the "rabbi" title is that it confers Jewish legitimacy and respectability on whatever the rabbi, even a self-proclaimed one, says. Jewish students at Harvard who don't know better will hear that "the rabbi" said something, and assume that what he said represents Judaism, not just a tiny fringe element on the Jewish spectrum.
Whether Greg Epstein will influence Jewish students' religious beliefs remains to be seen. It could be argued that these students are more likely to be influenced by their professors, whom they often perceive as experts and authority figures.
But where Epstein's influence may well be felt even more strongly, I fear, is on Jewish students' perceptions of Israel, the Holocaust, and antisemitism.
Because he is Jewish, and because of the power of his new position, Epstein will have significant new platforms from which to share his views on Jewish issues—at campus events, in the news media, and well beyond. And Epstein's views on Jewish issues are disturbingly extreme.
A Tweet from Epstein on April 28, 2021 employed the ugly term "Jewish supremacists" to demean Jewish nationalists who were marching in Jerusalem. That slur was coined by neo-Nazis and then more recently adopted by the radical left.
One indication of Epstein's shallow understanding of the Holocaust was his 2019 tweet calling American detention facilities for illegal migrants "concentration camps."
If you think I am exaggerating, and that Epstein could not possibly have meant literally that those facilities are similar to concentration camps, note that he wrote they "can LITERALLY [his caps], in a historically accurate way, be called concentration camps."
No, they can't be, which is why the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum and other scholarly Holocaust institutions strongly denounced those comparisons.
As for Israel—when Hamas won the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections, Epstein was part of a group of leftwing rabbis who rushed to urge President Obama to refrain from rejecting the terrorist victors. "We urge you to maintain a cautious approach" toward Hamas, in order to advance the goal of a Palestinian state, they wrote to the president.
I guess since Epstein is a member of the J Street Rabbinic Cabinet, that's pretty much what we should expect. J Street, the controversial Jewish pressure group that was created to lobby for a Palestinian state, consistently supports Palestinian Arab demands against Israel. The leaders of J Street always seem to blame Israel for what goes wrong, no matter how extreme or violent the Palestinians are.
Is this the kind of person whom Jewish parents want influencing their college-age children? That doesn't seem like a very attractive return on their $51,925 in annual tuition payments.
Moshe Phillips is a commentator on Jewish affairs whose writings appear regularly in the American and Israeli press. He was a U.S. delegate to the 38th World Zionist Congress in 2020. His views are his own.
DC Court Sends Man to Jail for Watching "Conspiracy Theory" Videos
A DC district court judge on Thursday sentenced a man to jail for viewing content online that suggested the 2020 election was fraudulently stolen.
The man, Douglas Jensen, had been released on July 13 after a months-long incarceration in a DC jail for allegedly participating in the Jan. 6 rally at the US Capitol, Buzzfeed
One condition set by US District Judge Timothy Kelly upon Jensen's pretrial release was he refrain from going online, "specifically to stream election fraud conspiracy theory content," reportsBuzzfeed News.
During an unannounced compliance check, officers found Jensen in his garage streaming unidentified content from Rumble, which prosecutors claimed was a popular conservative platform.
"Jensen admitted to the court officer that he'd also spent two days watching a 'cyber symposium' hosted by MyPillow CEO Mike Lindell, one of the most prominent proponents of election fraud conspiracy theories," writes Buzzfeed.
Kiryat Moshe mixed-use project to replace Jerusalem Angel Bakery
Ir Olam will have office and commercial space, an events hall, hotel and housing.
Last week work began on the demolition of Jerusalem's flour mill on Yosef Weitz Street. It will be replaced by 'Ir Olam,' a unique mixed-use project planned by architect Avner Yashar, with office and commercial space, housing and hotels, and a unique design rarely seen in the Israeli capital.
The project is being developed by ISA Group, managed by co-CEOS Akiva Zorbein and Shalom Greiba, on a 3.375 acre site beneath Givat Shaul on the road to Har Nof and the Jerusalem Forest. The site is near Road 16, the new western Jerusalem entrance highway.
The planned project includes two long buildings six to seven floors high and two 25-floor towers with 3,000 square meters of commercial space, 5,000 square meters of office space, a 940 square meter events hall, a 1,825 square meter - 160-room hotel, and apartments in the interior of the project. 'Ir Olam' has yet to receive final planning approval so the final dimensions of the project are not yet certain.
Yashar said, "The location is very interesting because Givat Shaul was once an industrial zone far from the city where the Angel bakery and flour mill were built. Dramatic things are happening there. The first is Road 16 the new entrance highway to Jerusalem which comes right up to the southern side of the project and will be a major new entrance to the city. The second is that there will be a Jerusalem light rail line on the main road above the project, Kanfei Nesharim Street, on which construction has already begun. Ultimately, industrial enterprises will leave for more contemporary activities. Our project sits on the seam between the Kiryat Moshe residential neighborhood and the margins of industry. It's a strategic location in which to create change.'
Yashar added, 'Jerusalem is undergoing a very big transformation in everything related to real estate development. Once they only did government buildings and the economy itself did not get going. There is now a large amount of building of housing and businesses both in the heart of the city and the suburbs. The city is really flourishing. The planning authorities are also reexamining how to build. We meet the condition for building with stone but in a new way with silo structures and the bridge above the highway, which are very impressive. It isn't perhaps beautiful but it has the major power of a fleeting and past world. We wanted to preserve something of that spirit with the daring of a new project."
The project is on the edge of Kiryat Moshe, a Jerusalem neighborhood built in the 1920s as a garden suburb and today inhabited by the national religious and ultra-orthodox communities. A 100 square meter, four-room apartment in Kiryat Moshe Street is on the market for NIS 2.75 million and a 63 square meter three room apartment in Levi Eliezer Street is on the market for NIS 1.98 million. Office space in the Atid Tower in Givat Shaul is being leased for NIS 78 per square meter and a work space is for rent for Nis 4,500 per month for 138 square meters.
Published by Globes, Israel business news - en.globes.co.il - on August 29, 2021
See you Sunday bli neder, Shabbat Succout Shalom
On this Shabbat, we read in the Synagogue King Solomon's famous book Kohelet. King Solomon teaches us that having G-d in our life provides meaning in an otherwise meaningless world. Shabbat and Succout Shalom
Yehuda Lave is an author, journalist, psychologist, rabbi, spiritual teacher, and coach, with degrees in business, psychology and Jewish Law. He works with people from all walks of life and helps them in their search for greater happiness, meaning, business advice on saving money, and spiritual engagement.
New report finds 'disturbing' levels of anti-Semitic activity at University of Illinois Chicago-Yehuda's note-this is my alma mater
According to the Canary Mission, the UIC branch of Students for Justice in Palestine stepped up its efforts in 2020-21, even attacking the wider Chicago Jewish community.BY MEIRA SVIRSKY
The campus of the University of Illinois at Chicago. Credit: Onar Vikingstad via Wikimedia Commons.Republish this articleSpread the word.
(September 2021 / JNS) Last week, the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) welcomed students back to campus. But how welcome can the university's Jewish population feel sharing a campus with a student group whose members have a long history of horrific anti-Semitic social media posts?
The group, Students for Justice in Palestine, runs a very active chapter at UIC. Even with the COVID-related shutdown of in-person learning in the past academic year, SJP made great headway in its campaign to demonize Jewish students.
A new report released by the anti-hate watchdog group Canary Mission found "disturbing" levels of anti-Semitic activity by this group going as far back as 2015.
The report broke this activity down into three categories: a campaign to attack and malign Chicago's largest Jewish charity; an effort to bully "Zionists"; and spreading anti-Semitism, support for terrorism and hatred of Israel on social media.
Additionally, the report takes a look at the evolving strategies used by SJP.
Attacking the Chicago Federation
The 2020-2021 academic year saw SJP UIC take their attacks into the larger Jewish community of Chicago for the first time. In the hope of appealing to their intersectional allies, the group branded the Jewish United Fund (JUF) of Metropolitan Chicago, Chicago's Jewish Federation, as "racist," "Islamophobic, anti-Arab, transphobic and homophobic" and a "hate group."
Among its other activities, the Federation provides food, refuge, health care, education and emergency assistance to 500,000 Chicago residents of all faiths and funds a network of more than 100 agencies, schools and initiatives.
As documented in Canary Mission's report, in February 2021, SJP UIC began a two-month campaign to pressure UIC to cut ties with the JUF for sponsoring a Zoom talk by an Israeli professor Gabi Bin Nun of Ben-Gurion University at the university's School of Public Health.
SJP UIC began its campaign against Bin Nun's talk with an intensive social media push, providing students with a template to protest the lecture and urging its activists to email the School of Public Health. It followed with ramped-up attacks against both the school and the Federation on social media and circulated an open letter that ultimately demanded that the university terminate all ties with Israeli academic institutions.
Next, the group showed up on Zoom to disrupt the talk, bragging afterward about how they had "persistently asked questions regarding Palestine." Their pressure campaign continued after the talk with the release of a new "social-media storm demanding the UIC School of Public Health answer for why they work" with the Federation, which they demonized as an "anti-religious group."
In the end, while SJP was not able to get the talk or the program canceled, they were able to pass a resolution of "solidarity" in UIC's student government.
While the university was committed to the talk by Bin Nun, it neither took a stand nor made a statement against the resolution.
When asked for a comment about the anti-Semitism being fomented by SJP on its campus, Amalia Pallares, associate chancellor and vice provost for diversity, replied, "We care deeply about all members of our community and are committed to maintaining a campus climate that respects tolerance, compassion, inclusion and diversity. At UIC, we strive to be a place where everyone feels welcome and where all people … can share perspectives and viewpoints to learn from one another."
Despite the apparent lack of support from the university and opposition from campus groups, Richard Herman, a senior JUF counselor, says JUF is "proudly committed to supporting Israel studies and we continue to hold the program at UIC in high esteem."
In addition, JUF says it is committed to supporting and protecting Jewish students "wherever they are."
"We believe deeply in freedom of speech, but we also know that all too often rather than appropriate critical conversations about Israel, we see anti-Semitism and harassment of Zionist on campus," said Emily Briskman, associate vice president of JUF Campus Affairs and executive director of the Hillels of Illinois.
Zionist shaming
At the end of last year, SJP UIC initiated a campaign encouraging the intimidation of "Zionists."
SJP board member Mona Zubi, who started the campaign, tweeted multiple times to encourage others to bully "Zionists," adding, "it's my contribution to liberation!"
Zubi, a recent graduate, was employed at the time by UIC as a College Outreach Representative for Prospective Students, a role the university defines as suitable for "exemplary undergraduate student leaders who serve as the university's official tour guides."
On Dec. 4, 2020, Zubi tweeted a picture of a child hiding his face as others pointed accusatory fingers at him. The main text accompanying the image read, "Start Zionist Shaming." Included in the picture were "suggestions" on what words to use to shame Zionists, including, "Zionists have no culture" and "go back to Brooklyn." The same image was posted later that month to the SJP UIC Instagram account.
During its investigation, Canary Mission uncovered more than 470 social media posts by SJP UIC activists, dating back to 2015, featuring a wide variety of anti-Semitic content, including support for violence against Jews and Israelis, as well as numerous BDS initiatives.
Rising anti-Semitism on campus
The findings of Canary Mission's report about the proliferation of anti-Semitism on UIC's campus mirror those of a recent survey of more than 500 Jewish-affiliated college students and recent alumni on the level of campus anti-Semitism by Alums for Campus Fairness (ACF).
According to the survey, 95 percent of respondents identified anti-Semitism as a problem on U.S. college campuses, with 79 percent having experienced or heard firsthand about another student making offensive or threatening comments.
More than half of the respondents received or heard firsthand offensive or threatening anti-Semitic comments from faculty or university employees and nearly 70 percent say they avoid certain places or events because they are Jewish.
Almost half said that anti-Semitism is getting worse on their campus, and 44 percent said they had experienced or heard firsthand about physical threats against those identifying as Jewish.
"These findings illuminate the troubling reality on U.S. campuses—anti-Semitism is increasingly a pernicious threat, with Jewish students under siege," said ACF Executive Director Avi D. Gordon.
Yet Briskman maintains that, at the same time, Jewish campus life is thriving, and it is crucial that Jewish students understand that. However, she says, "Students need to know that there is a real possibility that they will see or hear something anti-Semitic."
Ezra Balser, a Hillel campus rabbi for Metro Chicago Hillel, also acknowledged the reality of anti-Semitism on campus and the effect it has on Jewish students.
"So much hatred is fueled by a lack of deep knowledge or fear of the unknown," he said.
However, Balser also said students need to know that professional help is available.
"They are not alone," he added. "No one should feel like they have to handle something anti-Semitic by themselves."
Colorado governor, partner tie knot in Jewish wedding
Jared Polis, the first openly gay US governor, marries partner of 18 years: 'We couldn't be happier to be married at last'
In this photo provided by Jocelyn Augustino, Rabbi Tirzah Firestone, center, officiates a traditional Jewish wedding ceremony attended by family and friends for Colorado Gov. Jared Polis, left, and his partner, Marlon Reis, in Boulder, Colorado, on September 15, 2021. (Jocelyn Augustino via AP)
JTA — As his fellow Jews around the world prepared to annul their vows during Yom Kippur, Colorado Governor Jared Polis got busy making some new ones — by marrying his partner of 18 years.
Polis announced his marriage to Marlon Reis, with whom he has two children, in social media posts late Wednesday afternoon, just hours before Yom Kippur. Pictures showed the two men wearing kippahs and breaking glasses beneath a brightly colored chuppah, or wedding canopy, all hallmarks of traditional Jewish marriage ceremonies.
Rabbi Tirzah Firestone, the founding rabbi of Congregation Nevei Kodesh, a Renewal synagogue in Boulder, officiated. The synagogue is one of three that Polis told the Jewish Telegraphic Agency in 2017, when he was running for governor, that he and Reis belonged to in Boulder.
The men were engaged last year after contracting COVID-19 and picked Wednesday to be married because it was the 18th anniversary of their first date.
"The greatest lesson we have learned over the past eighteen months is that life as we know it can change in an instant," the couple wrote on social media. "We are thankful for the health and wellbeing of our family and friends, and the opportunity to celebrate our life together as a married couple. After eighteen years together, we couldn't be happier to be married at last."
The marriage makes yet another first for Polis, who became both the first openly gay governor of any state and the first Jewish governor of Colorado when he was elected in 2018. Now he has become the first governor to be married in a same-sex wedding while in office, according to CNN.
Polis grew up in a Reform Jewish home, told JTA that he identifies as "in between Conservative and Reform," and counts a prominent Orthodox rabbi in Washington, DC, among his cousins. Last spring, he became emotional when rejecting comparisons of his extended stay-at-home public health order to Nazism. Two years ago, he posted on Facebook that he had broken his Yom Kippur fast "with the traditional pueblo chile on gefilte fish."
The Most Beautiful Sukkah In Jerusalem And Bella Chagall's Childhood Sukkah
I have been unable to determine when the tradition began, but dating back at least to the 1960s, an annual contest was held in Jerusalem for the most beautiful sukkah. Shown here are three such awards issued by the Jerusalem municipality.
Certificate signed by Jerusalem Mayor Ish-Shalom to the builder of a beautiful sukkah in Jerusalem (Hoshana Rabbah, 1964).
First, exhibited here is a City of Jerusalem Municipality Certificate of Appreciation issued to Yaakov David Perlin for his "participation in the competition for most pleasant sukkah of 1964 and for his skill and effort in beautifying his sukkah," signed by Mayor Mordechai Ish-Shalom.
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Ish-Shalom (1902-1991) was an Israeli politician and labor leader who, as the Mapai candidate, was elected mayor of Jerusalem on December 16, 1959, and served until 1965. The National Religious party threw its support to the Mapai candidate in return for an agreement that the municipality would tighten Sabbath observance and would regulate Jerusalem's controversial swimming pool to provide two days of separate bathing for observant Jews.
Born in Lithuania, Ish-Shalom moved in 1923 to British occupied Eretz Yisrael, where his political career began in the Stonecutters' Union (1935). He helped to build some Jerusalem landmarks, and he rose through the ranks of the Histadrut labor federation, eventually being elected Jerusalem mayor.
Certificate signed by Jerusalem Mayor Kollek to the builder of a beautiful sukkah in Jerusalem (Sukkot, 1978).
Second, exhibited here is a City of Jerusalem Award for "the best decorated Succah" to the "Perlin Elchanan" family signed by Teddy Kollek, as Mayor of Jerusalem, and Yosef Goldschmidt, as Deputy Mayor.
Kollek (1911-2007) was the first mayor of unified Jerusalem after the Six-Day War. Although he won wide acclaim for his dynamic activities to normalize life in both parts of the city, he antagonized observant Jews by taking an anti-religious posture in many issues affecting both Jerusalem and Israel and by seeking to "normalize" life for Arabs. Often seen as a secular international spokesman for Jerusalem, his re-elections to the mayoralty were due, in large part, to the support of East Jerusalem Arabs.
Born in Frankfurt am Main, Goldschmidt (1907-1981) made aliyah to Eretz Yisrael, where he first worked as a teacher before rising to serve as a supervisor of the Mizrachi school network (1942-1948) and serving as deputy director general of the Ministry of Education and Culture (1952). He was on the National Religious Party list for the 1969 elections and, although he failed to win a seat, he entered the Knesset on December 15 that year as a replacement for Yosef Burg, who had resigned his seat after being given a ministerial post. Goldschmidt himself was made deputy minister of Internal Affairs, but he lost his seat in the 1973 elections, and he became deputy mayor of Jerusalem a year later.
Certificate signed by Jerusalem Mayor Kollek and Andre Chouraqui.
Third, exhibited here is a 1969 City of Jerusalem "Certification of Appreciation," the inside page of a little two-page award booklet presented to Alexander Rosenthal for "his sukkah that was entered in the most beautiful sukkah competition and which earned a special grade." It is signed by Mayor Kollek and by Andre Chouraqui, who is listed as chair of the Sukkah Judge's Committee.
As deputy mayor under Kollek, Chouraqui (1917-2007) was in charge of cultural affairs in Jerusalem. One of the few North African Jewish intellectuals to make aliyah, he was a personal advisor to Ben-Gurion on problems of integrating various Israeli ethnic communities. The author of many respected scholarly works, his most famous – and controversial – book was A Man in Three Worlds (1979), in which he proposed the creation of a federation of the "reunited" lands of Israel, Palestine and Jordan, wherein each ethnic entity would find its national rights guaranteed. He envisioned two freely elected parliaments, Israel and "Ishmael," to promulgate laws, and Jerusalem, reunited forever, "would be the spiritual center of the reconciled peoples."
Chagall drawing from Kollek-Chouraqui Sukkah Award (1969).
Also shown here is the cover of the Kollek-Chouraqui award booklet featuring a reproduction of a drawing of a man holding a lulav and etrog by Marc Chagall, which was taken from his wife Bella's seminal work, Burning Lights.
The youngest of seven children, Bella Chagall (1895-1944) was born to a Chassidic family in Vitebsk, Russia, where she met Marc in 1914 and married him a year later. From the moment they met, Bella instantly became his favorite model and greatest inspiration, and his personal intimate experiences gave rise to many famous depictions of lovers embracing tightly in each other's arms, enclosed in a magical and mystical ring of love. Even after her death, he continued to depict her and draw inspiration from her; for example, in Anniversary Flowers, he portrays himself sitting before his easel on each anniversary of her death extending his hand to her as he awaits an astral meeting with his lost beloved.
Bella was a talented writer whose literary works include the editing and translation of her husband's 1922 autobiography, which she translated into French for its first publication years later (Ma Vie, 1931) and which was later translated into English (My Life, 1960). However, her major work was undoubtedly Brenendike Likht ("Burning Lights"), her memoir of her childhood in Vitebsk, the Russian-Jewish market town where she and her husband grew up, in which she warmly reminisces about Jewish family life in pre-Revolutionary Russia and documents her childhood memories in accordance with the festivals and holidays of the Jewish yearly cycle. Her text, accompanied by her husband's chapter-by-chapter 36 pen and ink drawings, conveys their mutual tenderness and love for the Jewish holidays. Following her untimely death on September 2, 1944, Marc published the book in English in her memory (1946).
In his introduction to the 1947 edition of the book, Marc compared Bella's words and phrases to "a wash of color over a canvas." In the introductory chapter, entitled "Heritage," Bella writes that she still sees memories of her family streaming before her eyes "so near, they could be breathing into my mouth," even though her old home is dead and gone. Yet, she writes, each surviving member of her family "in place of his vanished inheritance, has taken with him, like a piece of his father's shroud, the breath of the parental home." She needs to rescue her fleshless memories, lest they flicker out and die:
My ears begin to sound with the clamor of the shop and the melodies that the rabbi sang on holidays. From every corner, a shadow thrusts out, and no sooner do I touch it than it pulls me into a dancing circle with other shadows . . . I do not know where to take refuge from them. And so, just once, I want very much to wrest from the darkness a day, an hour, a moment belonging to my vanished home.
The book beautifully evokes memories of a lost world, a different time, a town that once was but is no more. Her Sukkot narrative is particularly lovely and haunting:
Marc's drawing of a sukkah from Bella's Burning Lights.
The day after Yom Kippur we wait for a messenger from G-d. Surely he must come after our prayers and tears of yesterday!
And then a peasant with a cartful of branches of red fir drives into our courtyard. He overturns his cart. Prickly branches fall down, heaped one upon the other.
The courtyard turns into a forest. There is a smell of tar, of pine. The branches are fresh as just after a rain. Like huge birds at rest the branches lie, and a fragrance comes from them like a song.
If one crawls up on the mountain of branches, it utters a groan and bends underfoot. It one rolls on it, the mountain collapses entirely.
"Why are you trampling the branches?" My brothers come running with outcries. "Do you think it's hay? Don't you know it's for the sukkah?"
They pull the branches from under my feet. Each branch comes up heavily from the ground, shakes itself free with its spikes.
I help to carry the branches into the sukkah, which is not yet ready. Only the walls. Made of long boards, have been set up and nailed. The roof is open. The sky looks in. My brothers climb the ladders, stand on chairs, and hand branches to one another, shaking them as one shakes the Sukkot palm branch.
The branches open up like fans. Soon the sukkah is covered as a head is covered with a cap. It stands in the middle courtyard, alluring and beckoning, like a little house in the woods.
The branches are piled up on it so thickly that no little star from heaven will shine through the dark green. [Author's comment: Ironically, this would render the sukkah unfit for use because one of the most fundamental conditions for a kosher sukkah is that the stars must be visible through the schach. It is most likely that her childhood recollection was erroneous in this regard, perhaps because, as we will see below, she was not permitted to sit in the sukkah during meals.] Inside the sukkah it is cool and dim. Only through the holes in the walls little patches of light creep through. And the points of light gleam and quiver, trying hard to slip in.
In the middle of the sukkah a long table and benches have been set up. There is no floor. Bare ground is underfoot. The legs of the table and of the benches rest in the damp earth, which sticks to one's feet.
We do not go out of the sukkah. We imagine that we are in a country house. We stretch out on the benches, pursue and intercept the patches of light that shine through the walls, and with our heads high in the air we gaze at the roof of branches as though it were a sky with stars. We shiver when a drop of dew falls on us.
We intone a song, by way of announcing to everyone that the sukkah is ready, that the holiday has come . . .
The finished sukkah stands waiting a whole day before at last they go to eat in it.
During the day, it has absorbed the odor of pine, its walls and the damp earth underfoot have dried. When evening comes, father and my brothers put on their coats as though preparing to go away. They go to eat supper in the sukkah.
Neither mother nor I nor the cook goes there. The three of us have only been allowed to go up to the door of the sukkah to hear father's benediction over the kiddish cup.
And the meals are served to those in the sukkah through a little window, as through a hole, one plate after another. My brothers can make believe that the plates with the food come to them straight from heaven.
Do they give a thought to us who have been left in the house?
In the apartment, it is cold. It seems empty, and it feels as if there were no doors or windows. I sit with mother and eat without zest.
"Mother, why have we been left here with the servants, as though we too were servants? What kind of holiday is that, mother?" I keep tormenting her. "Why do they eat apart from us?"
"Ah, my little child, because they're men," says mother, sadly, as she eats her piece of cold meat.
Suddenly, the kitchen is in an uproar. The maids run back and forth between the courtyard and the house. "Mistress, it's beginning to rain!"
"Take the whole meal at once, so that they can say the blessings quickly!" Mother too is upset.
I am glad that it is raining in the middle of supper. For mother and me the holiday is so sad!
Suddenly – bang! – a thunderclap comes. I look through the window to see whether the sukkah has fallen apart. It is flooded with water.
In a trice the branches were soaked through, turned flat and thin. Water drips on the table in the sukkah, it drips from the branches, from the walls. The maids run to and fro with covered plates in their hands. The rain is pattering on the plates, trying to uncover them.
Through the noise of the rain I hear father's benedictions. My brothers' high voices merge into the rain.
And, one after the other, with their collars up, they run out of the sukkah. We look at them as though we had not seen them in a long time. They invade the apartment like people coming from another world.
Thus a few days go by. Now the sukkah is taken apart altogether. Board after board is pulled off. The walls are folded up. The roof of branches falls in, breaks up underfoot. The courtyard is filled with little needles.
The sukkah vanishes as if it had never been there . . .
Print of Chagall's The Feast of the Tabernacles (1916) Gouache and watercolor on paper, 52.3 x 66.5.
Finally, on the theme of Chagall and Sukkot, shown here is a print of the artist's The Feast of Tabernacles (1916). Around this time, he began to dabble in primitivism, and the effect can be seen particularly clearly in the figures of this painting: reduced to complete profiles or completely frontal images, they move across space, angular and seemingly with no connection with the background. There are no intermediate shades or nuances, since this would not fit the simplicity of the scene, and he renders the sukkah's roof in the cubist style. Trapped in a cramped apartment in Paris during WWI, the simple rendition of The Feast of the Tabernacles reflects the artist's emotional state.
