By Yehoshua Steinberg The root צדקis one of the most oft-repeated roots in the Tanach. New insights into the word appear however, upon examination of the underlying biliteral word דק dalet-koof, as follows. The word דקר means stabbing, piercing, splitting (see Isa. 13:15, Jer. 51:4 + Metz. Zion, Lam. 4:9 + Rashi). A חדק is a thorn, a object that pierces and stabs (see Micah 7:4, Prov. 15:19 + Metz. Zion). The word סדק is actually an Aramaic word, but one which is commonplace as a Hebrew word already in the Mishna. The word means a crack, crevice, as well as ripping (See Targumim to Lev. 11:3, I Kings 11:30). The term בדק in the Tanach bears the same meaning as סדק, vis. crack, crevice (see II Kings 12:6 +Rashi, Ez. 27:27 + Metz. Zion, Dan. 34:10 + Rashi). Finally, צדק, the root under discussion which appears in our weekly portion. All of the meanings of the previous words listed (grinding, pulverizing, stabbing, piercing, splitting ,ripping as well as cracks and crevices) point to a common core meaning: an entity or affair which is lacking in wholeness (at least by the time you're done with it!). The connection with צדק in the sense of court proceedings is as follows. The Torah commands judges: "justice, justice pursue" (Deut. 16:20). The Talmud (San. 32b) explains that this a requirement to execute wearying cross-examinations as well as intensive interrogations of witnesses separately in cases where there is reason to suspect fraud. This procedure, known as דרישה וחקירה, is designed to poke holes in questionable stories, to grind down dishonest witnesses until they admit their lies, to find cracks and inconsistencies between the respective witnesses' accounts, to separate fact from fiction, and to leave the slander and lies as a pulverized pile of dust. Likewise, the private צדיק earns this august title by judging not others – but his own actions and potential actions. He examines his own motives and excuses, his actions and his failure to act – all with an eye to crush his own hidden negative side, the dictates of his evil inclination. May we be counted amongst the ranks of the צדיקים who constantly strive to improve themselves and leave the world a better place than they found it. And may we merit to see the coming of משיח צדקינו speedily in our times. |