Monday, November 19, 2012

Fwd: Bombing a capital and Lesson on socialism



Awareness Of God Decreases Anxiety

The most prevalent illness of our generation is excessive anxiety. This subject has been dealt with at length by the philosophers and psychologists of modern times. Anxiety flourishes where there is a lack of awareness of the Almighty.

Awareness of God decreases anxiety, as it says: "The Almighty is my source of salvation. I will trust, and not be afraid" (Isaiah 12:2).

Love Yehuda Lave


3. Opinion: London 1940-Tel Aviv 2012. What's the Difference?
by Giulio Meotti, Italy London 1940-Tel Aviv 2012. What's the Difference?

There is only one precedent of a modern democracy besieged under rocket attacks.

During the afternoon of September 7, 1940, 348 Nazi bombers appeared over London's skies. For the next two months, London was bombed day and night. Fires consumed many portions of the city. Residents sought shelter wherever they could find it - many fleeing to the underground station that sheltered as many as 177,000 people during the night.

Little is said or written about the incredible courage being shown by the civilian population of Israel, but it is reminiscent of events 70 years ago in Europe.

Like the Londoners, who endured the blitz stoically, with British aplomb and quiet courage, the people of Israel are equally valiant, going about their daily lives knowing that killers might explode a bomb or rocket in any public place at any time. Since the year of the founding of the state, more than 60,000 rockets have fallen on Israel.

Unlike those who believe in a peaceful and political solution to the "Palestinian" question, the Hamas' Covenant proclaims: "There is no solution for the Palestinian question, except through Jihad. Initiatives, proposals and international conferences are all a waste of time and vain endeavors."

Israel is like Guernica, the Basque town that in 1937 was the premature victim of the savage and merciless Nazi Blitzkrieg that was to sweep Europe.

But there is a big difference between the two historic situations.

The Allies during the war didn't hesitate to impose a collective punishment on the German people, while today we like to believe that the State of Israel is facing just individual murderers and isolated fanatics, and must pardon the society that nurtures them.

The Arab population of Judea, Samaria and Gaza is responsible for Hamas' terrorism. Collective punishment of that population by Israel is - when administered in proportion to the evils it is meant to combat - justified and required. The Palestinian Arab population is responsible for Hamas and the PLO.

An enemy society is exactly what the Jewish State is confronting. And in Kiryat Malachi, three residents, killed by Islamic terrorists, are just the latest victims in the war between Israel and that society.

Israel lost the battle during the first Intifada, when Jewish civilians on the roads were routinely assaulted with rocks and firebombs by Arab gangs, because it didn't combat the attacks with the force that may have prevented them from evolving into the terror of today that comes from Gaza.

Palestinian Arabs rock-throwers were met with a vehicle that sprayed them with pebbles. Soldiers were armed with rubber bullets and given orders not to attack when not under attack themselves.

The Jewish "settlers" at that time called on the government to take punitive action against the villages from where the attacks were launched, but the Jewish residents were demonized themselves and were answered with self-righteous hypocrisy decrying the immorality of "collective punishment".

This is how evil has grown to surround Israel.

Even Israel's supporters in the West like to believe that the Jewish State, granting DE-facto immunity to the society that sponsors terrorist savagery, committed itself to a higher ethical standard. We like to discern the IDF's "purity of weapons". But preferring an illusion of peace to retaliating with the full force at Israel's disposal against the terrorists' home base - their communities and their ideological supporters, who bear collective responsibility for the terror - is a Jewish crime, not a Jewish virtue.



Terror is a collective punishment, the answer to it must include collective punishment.

Terror is a collective punishment, the answer to it must include collective punishment.

Twenty years after the first Gulf War, Israel remains the only "bunkered" democracy in the world and is now even more relentlessly demonized and ghettoized.

Israel is a small country. This is not to say that it's destined for extinction; only that it can be.

Moreover, in its vulnerability to extinction, Israel is not just any small country. It is the only country whose neighbors declare its very existence an affront to God and make its destruction a paramount national goal.

But if in 1991, Israel responded with understatement and quiet civil courage, let's hope that today it will react differently to genocidal terrorism. Because, as Joe McCain wrote few years ago, "the Jews will not go quietly again."

And there is another big difference between London in 1940 and Tel Aviv in 2012: while the West backed the British resistance against the Nazi monster, Israel is alone in fighting a battle for all of us.

As Israelis are heading to shelters these days, the questions in their minds are two: Will the West come to our aid? How many friends can the Jewish State really count on these days?

Take a step forward and say that you are one of those friends. I did. 

The writer, an Italian journalist with Il Foglio, writes a twice-weekly column for Arutz Sheva. He is the author of the book "A New Shoah", that researched the personal stories of Israel's terror victims, published by Encounter. His writing, often the Arutz Sheva op-eds, appears in publications such as the Wall Street Journal, Frontpage and Commentary. He is at work on a book about the Vatican and Israel.



A Great Lesson on Socialism.  

 An economics professor at Texas Tech said he had never failed a single
student before, but had, once, failed an entire class. The class had
insisted that socialism worked and that no one would be poor and no one
would be rich, a great equalizer. The professor then said ok, we will
have an experiment in this class on socialism.  All grades would be averaged
and everyone would receive the same grade so no one would fail and no one
would receive an A.  After the first test the grades were averaged and
everyone got a B. The students who studied hard were upset and the students who
studied little were happy. But, as the second test rolled around, the
students who studied little had studied even less and the ones who
studied hard decided they wanted a free ride too; so they studied little. The
second Test average was a D! No one was happy. When the 3rd test rolled around
the average was an F. The scores never increased as bickering, blame, name
calling all resulted in hard feelings and no one would study for anyone
else. The whole class failed to their great surprise and the professor told them that socialism would
ultimately fail because the harder it is to
succeed, the greater the reward, but when a government takes all the
reward away; no one will try so no one will succeed.
 
Don't Ever Give Up
Used With Permission
Letter Style by Rocklin Heidi
 




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Sunday, November 18, 2012

The day has arrived - Einstein was right...and the a-z of friendship and Westport in County Mayo




Westport in County Mayo Ireland, voted the best place to live in Ireland.

Note, we are already home, but I keep the pictures coming until I run out. It helps keep the memories alive.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCCKJzL04CM





THE A-Z of FRIENDSHIP


A Friend....
    Accepts you as you are
    Believes in you
    Calls you just to say "HI"
    Doesn't give up on you
    Envisions the whole of you
    Forgives your mistakes
    Gives unconditionally
    Helps you
    Invites you over
    Just "be" with you
    Keeps you close at heart
    Loves you for who you are
    Makes a difference in your life
    Never judges
Offers support
Picks you up
Quiets your fears
Raises your spirits
Says nice things about you
Tells you the truth
when you need to hear it
Understands you
Values you
Walks beside you
X-plains things you don't
understand
Yells when you won't listen, and
Zaps you back to reality






Albert Einstein: 
"I fear the day when the technology overlaps with our humanity. The world will only have a generation of idiots." 
No truer words have been spoken….
  Having a Coffee...

 
 
Get together in a restaurant...

 

Enjoying the beauty in a Museum...  

 

Pleasantly Chatting in a cafe' ...  

Enjoying a day at the Beach... 

 
 
At the Stadium supporting the team...  

   

Having fun with the girlfriend...

 
 
Appreciating the Town in a convertible ..  

 

 






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Friday, November 16, 2012

Fwd: CHINA learning English and Serving G-d for Pleasure



You Run Your Own Broadcasting Show the Entire Day

Imagine hearing this announcement when you start off each day: "Welcome to your own broadcasting show. We're on the air today and every day. We run from this moment on, for the rest of your life. You can't shut off the show, but you can choose what to hear. We advise you to choose wisely. Don't be upset with yourself if the show is not proceeding the way you wish. Instead, thank your mind for working. Be nice and friendly to it. And kindly and respectfully ask your mind to give you a truly great show today. Have a fantastic day, today and every day."

If the above represents what you would like to hear on your own mental show, then you can choose it. If you would like to run a different show, just choose what you would like to hear.

Your mental broadcast can have any guest you want. What do you want your inner mental guests to say to you? What do you want them to speak about? Choose the subject that you would like your self-talk to be about, for as long as you'd like. You might want to hear a great interview with yourself and your ideals and values. You might want to hear a certain song or many songs that uplift you and help you feel good. You might want to hear a well-known story over again. This could be a story with a lesson that you really need to hear right now. It could be an inspiring story. It could even be an entertaining or a funny story.

If you find yourself broadcasting distressful ideas and thoughts, you can switch to uplifting and joyous ones. You can give yourself messages of hope right now and at any time you choose.

When you listen to recordings of speakers or speeches you like, you can be grateful for the opportunity to add their messages to your own mental library. Once those recordings are stored in your brain, you can access them as often as you like.

Be grateful to the Creator of your mind and your life for giving you your own broadcasting show. The quality of your life depends on the quality of your inner broadcasting show. Keep raising the quality of what you say to yourself, and you will live a happier life, full of self-development and self-empowerment.


Love Yehuda Lave

Toldot(Genesis 25:19-28:9)

Serving God For Pleasure

by Rabbi Boruch Leff


If someone approached you and guaranteed that you would receive 100 million dollars if you simply follow what they asked of you, would you agree to the deal? You may be cautious because you never know what this person has in mind for you to do (something evil perhaps) or if he can really deliver.

But what if you knew with absolute clarity that this person would only ask you to carry out acts of kindness and good deeds in return for 100 million? It seems like the decision would be quite simple.

This leads us to a perplexing situation in this week's Torah portion as well as in the entire book of Genesis. God tells Isaac:

Live in this land (of Israel) and I will be with you and bless you. I will give these lands to you and your children and I will establish the oath that I swore to Abraham, your father. I will increase your offspring like the stars in the heavens and I will give these lands to your children. All the nations of the world will bless themselves through your offspring. (Genesis 26:3-4)

Isaac (as did Abraham and Jacob) knows that God is talking to him. He has no doubts. When God wants you to know that He is talking to you, He appears in such a way that does not leave room for any reservations. God then promises abundant and amazing blessings to Isaac if only Isaac walks in His path.

Where is Isaac's challenge? Would it not be obvious and clear to Isaac what he is to do with his life? If everything is so simple, how would Isaac earn great rewards? Reward from God is based upon man exercising his free will. Isaac's free will would be quite limited once he had heard God himself say that he would be greatly rewarded. How could Isaac's free will continue to function? What is Isaac's test?

The solution teaches us a fundamental concept in service of God. But, as is often the case in Jewish learning, we must first ask a few more questions.

* * *

FOR HEAVEN'S SAKE

Pirkei Avot (1:3) states:

"Be not like servants who serve their master for the sake of receiving reward. Rather, be like servants who serve their master not for the sake of receiving reward." (Some texts actually say: "for the sake not to receive reward.")

We are instructed to serve God for 'the sake of heaven'. Ideally we are not to concentrate on rewards that we might attain. Yet, we are supposed to know that we will receive reward for the observance of the Torah. The Talmud tells us in numerous places that the rewards mentioned in the Torah (for example, Deuteronomy 22:7 and Talmud Chullin 142a) do not refer to life in this world but to life in the next world. This itself would be a difficult intellectual tension to live with. But not only do we study Jewish texts that constantly inform us of reward, we pray for reward daily!

"May it be Your will, Hashem, our God and the God of our fathers, that we observe Your decrees in this world, and merit to live, see, and inherit goodness and blessing in the years of Messianic Times and for life in the World to Come." (Uba LeZion prayer, end of Shacharit Morning Prayers, Artscroll Siddur, p. 154)

It is one thing to demand that we try to ignore rewards while we serve God. But how can we be expected to ignore rewards when we are praying for them? We are supposed to concentrate intently and sincerely on our prayers! Do we mean what we pray for concerning rewards or not?

* * *

GIVING YOUR MOTHER PLEASURE

Have you ever visited your mother after being away for a long time? Your mother is thrilled to see you and she makes you a feast fit for a king. As you indulge in each course she serves, you enjoy the special home cooked meal. But certainly part of you takes pleasure in the fact that you are giving your mother pleasure by eating her well-prepared meal. She enjoys watching you enjoy her food. And you eat, intending not only to enjoy the food, but to please your mother as well.

It gives God satisfaction and 'nachas' to give us pleasure.

God created the world in order to give us pleasure. The most intense pleasure is in the Next World. (See the beginning of Ramchal's Mesilas Yesharim.) It is His desire to see us receive pleasure. Our challenge in life is to perform the Mitzvot, God's instructions for living, with intent to receive the reward that God wants us to receive. Ideally we are not to have in mind selfish reasons for observing the Torah. We are not to concentrate on our rewards for our sake. Instead, we are to think of the fact that it gives God satisfaction and 'nachas' to give us pleasure. Therefore, we should listen to His laws - for His sake, not ours.

* * *

THE LOST PORTION

There is a legend about the Baal Shem Tov (the Besht), the founder of Chassidut, which is impossible to believe.

The story goes that the Baal Shem Tov once ascended to Heaven and received certain secrets of the Torah on the condition that he would not divulge these secrets to anyone. When the Baal Shem Tov returned to this world, he found the secrets so sweet and profound that he could not resist telling his students. Soon after, a voice from Heaven was heard saying, "Baal Shem Tov has just lost his portion in the Next World!" The Baal Shem Tov could not contain his immense joy and began dancing uncontrollably because he now had the opportunity to serve God 'for His sake' without any thought of reward. When God saw the Baal Shem Tov's reaction, a heavenly voice proclaimed, "Baal Shem Tov has earned his place in the Next World again!"

The reason why we cannot accept this story as true should now be obvious. If indeed, the Baal Shem Tov had lost his portion in the Next World, that would be one of the greatest tragedies for God! Such a holy man, and God would not be able to take pleasure in rewarding him.

It is God's greatest pleasure to give pleasure to the righteous people of the world. The Baal Shem Tov losing his place in the Next World would certainly not be a cause for celebration! Why would the Baal Shem Tov rejoice in God's pain?

In terms of serving God for 'His sake', not for ours, this does not mean that we hope not to receive reward. The Torah is replete with indications and reminders of our reward. Rather, we have to want the reward because God wants us to have it, not because we want to get it.

This most difficult task, to want personal goodness for non-personal gain, is one that Patriarchs and Matriarchs can master. This was their challenge and test. Sure, they knew they would get much reward as God had told them. But what their intent would be when they earn the reward was the issue they had to struggle with. Would they do it for God's pleasure, or their own?

This balancing act, of performing God's will for the purpose of pleasing God, and thereby earn reward but wanting the reward for God's sake, is our struggle as well.

Let us always try to think about helping God give us pleasure, allowing Him to accomplish what He truly wants for the world. He gets pleasure giving us pleasure. Let's let Him do it.




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Thursday, November 15, 2012

Fwd: Marvel at the Universe! and everyone needs a good laugh and Breaffy House




Act According To Your Ideals

An honor-seeker will not be a truth-seeker. To gain others' approval, a person will have to keep changing his opinions to agree with the person with whom he is talking.

In the end, he will lack the respect of others. Those who manipulate him will recognize that he agrees with them only to gain their approval and will hold him in disdain.

Only if a person talks and acts according to his ideals, independently of what others think of him, will he gain the respect of others.


Love Yehuda Lave





Everyone needs a good laugh now and then:
 

As we approach the final few days of our trip, we come to the County of Mayo on the West Side of Ireland. Note, we are already home, but I take more pictures than I can show during my trip, so I keep the memories alive by continuing to show the pictures.

Yehuda

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LxwpAcsId4

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Wednesday, November 14, 2012

Fwd: creation of the universe and 29 year old stockbroker saves 669 lives


Nicholas Winton: Please watch this poignant video:

http://www.dailygood.org/view.php?sid=331

Despite the staggering discoveries made by science, the universe is still shrouded in awesome mystery.
by Rabbi Adam Jacobs



Despite the staggering discoveries made by science, the universe is still shrouded in awesome mystery.

"A rare experience of a moment at daybreak, when something in nature seems to reveal all consciousness, cannot be explained at noon. Yet it is part of the day's unity." – Charles Ives

In the not too distant past it was considered an obvious truth that the universe, nature and their respective details were the handiwork of a conscious designing intelligence. People simply observed their surroundings and noted the beauty, the ingenuity and the orchestrated harmony of the massive multiplicity of its parts – and stood awed by it. This view was perhaps most artfully expressed by the English philosopher William Paley in his well-known watchmaker analogy:

"In crossing a heath, suppose I pitched my foot against a stone, and were asked how the stone came to be there; I might possibly answer, that, for anything I knew to the contrary, it had lain there forever: nor would it perhaps be very easy to show the absurdity of this answer. But suppose I had found a watch upon the ground, and it should be inquired how the watch happened to be in that place; I should hardly think of the answer I had before given, that for anything I knew, the watch might have always been there … There must have existed, at some time, and at some place or other, an artificer or artificers, who formed [the watch] for the purpose which we find it actually to answer; who comprehended its construction, and designed its use… Every indication of contrivance, every manifestation of design, which existed in the watch, exists in the works of nature; with the difference, on the side of nature, of being greater or more, and that in a degree which exceeds all computation." – William Paley, Natural Theology (1802)

In the course of the two centuries since Paley wrote these iconic words, the mystery of life was seemingly eroded by the march of science. For example, in 1828, Friedrich Wöhler synthesized urea, destroying the concept of Vitalism – the idea that living organisms are fundamentally different from non-living entities because they contain some non-physical element or are governed by different principles than are inanimate things. In 1833, Anselme Payen isolated the first enzyme, diastase. Most significantly, for social and political purposes, was the 1859 introduction by Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace of the theory of evolution by natural selection. For the first time, it became possible to imagine that the mechanized complexity of life as we know it is the result of purely material and wholly unguided processes. This new possibility electrified the scientific community and had a profound effect on public consciousness. As Dr. James Le Fanu wrote in his engaging work on this topic, "Why Us? How Science Rediscovered the Mystery of Ourselves," science was triumphant – almost.

The Cell

A funny thing happened on the way to materialist hegemony: the more scientists discovered, the less explicable certain facets of the natural world became. For instance, at the beginning of the 20th century, biologist Earnst Haeckel conceived of the cell as "a simple little lump of albuminous carbon," easily produced from inanimate material. The invention of the electron microscope in 1931 laid that quaint notion to rest. The subsequent decades have piled us high with new understandings of the staggering complexity of the functional nano-machines that rule the world of the cell. These machines are capable of producing thousands of proteins (highly complex, task-oriented biological compounds) per second, per cell. Some scientific thinkers wonder whether or not Darwin's theory is equal to the task of generating an object of this sort in the time frame that it arose.

"Faced with the enormous sum of lucky draws behind the success of the evolutionary game, one may legitimately wonder to what extent this success is actually written into the fabric of the universe" (Nobel laureate Christian de Duve, Tour of a Living Cell).

The Human Genome

The Human Genome Project was undertaken to uncover the blueprints of life. It was thought that if the genomic information was "unpacked" and cataloged we would be able to articulate an adequate scientific explanation of the human experience. It didn't work out that way. One surprise was the discovery that humans share 98 percent of their genome with the humble field mouse. What, then, accounts for the rather severe physiological and cognitive differences between us and our rodent companions? We don't know. It seems as though opening one box has simply revealed another. This is how science historian Evelyn Fox Keller put it:

"We lulled ourselves into believing that in discovering the basis for genetic information we had found the 'secret of life'; we were confident that if we could only decode the message in the sequence of chemicals, we would understand the 'program' that makes an organism what it is. But now there is at least tacit acknowledgement of how large that gap between genetic 'information' and biological meaning really is."

A very recent addendum to these discoveries is that science has now essentially laid to rest the idea of "Junk DNA" – the assumption that the bulk of the human genome contains mostly useless fragments of non-coding DNA sequencing produced by eons of Darwinian action. As this is not an expected outcome of the classical Darwinian model, this new development seems to have struck a nerve in the anti-Paley community.

The Universe

One would do well to stand silently awed by the intellectual achievement of the likes of Newton, Maxwell, Einstein and others. They succeeded, as precious few have, in describing crucial, fundamental properties of existence – their force of mind piercing though layers of shroud. Einstein was especially eager to simplify all of these forces into a single "unified field theory," a goal which eluded his genius and all those who have subsequently attempted it. Once again, in the wake of cognitive achievements of immense proportions, when (some) physicists walked proudly, confident that all but the finishing touches on a complete grasp of the workings of our universe were on the cusp of discovery, the universe took a step back, retreated to obscurity and thwarted the materialists expectations. The more that was discovered, the stranger matters became. Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle was one obvious example. It was also soon noted that the properties that allow for life's development seemed uncannily precise – "fine-tuned," as they were later described. If gravitation, or the strong or weak nuclear force or the electromagnetic force were any different than they are, life could never have arisen. Physicist John Polkinghorne has estimated that they had to be accurate to within one part in a trillion trillion – a degree of accuracy equivalent to hitting an inch wide target on the other side of the universe.

Jewish tradition teaches that the Creator of the universe is infinite and that the study of Him or his works must, perforce, be infinite as well. One who has dipped his or her foot into the sea of spiritual exploration is familiar with the feeling that we will never get ourselves on top of the pile – that no matter how far we go there will always be an infinity stretched out before us, waiting to be discovered. Perhaps that is why despite its unassailable achievement, science has not (nor will it ever) bring us to anything like a full understanding of the beautiful yet ever elusive reality laid before us.

"I do not know what I may appear to the world, but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the sea-shore, and diverting myself in now and then finding a smoother pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary, whilst the great ocean of truth lay

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Sabbath was spent in Limerick. So of course there were no pictures. There was also no Jews or Synagogues so we made our own holiness. In the afternoon we walked around the town and saw the tourist spots that were very historical. There was the Hunt Museum showing modern Limerick history and St. John's castle,dating back to 1200. There was also St. Mary's Cathedral dating back to the same time. I write this to keep the memories alive for myself and my followers, even without the pictures, because it was Shabbat.



Tuesday, November 13, 2012

Fwd: Please indicate when passing !!!! and is there an objective morality?? and cliffs of Moher Part two



Compose an Appreciation List 

One way to build up a positive mental data base about your spouse is to compose an "appreciation list."

Every time your spouse says or does something you appreciate write it down. Then keep rereading your list. As you focus on the positive actions of your spouse, you will notice things that you previously had taken for granted and overlooked. Moreover, your positive feelings will create an atmosphere in which your spouse will say and do more positive things!


Love Yehuda Lave




Noach (Genesis 6:9-11:32)

True Morality

By Rabbi Sachs

Is there such a thing as an objective basis of morality? For some time, in secular circles, the idea has seemed absurd. Morality is what we choose it to be. We are free to do what we like so long as we don't harm others. Moral judgments are not truths but choices. There is no way of getting from "is" to "ought", from description to prescription, from facts to values, from science to ethics. This was the received wisdom in philosophy for a century after Nietzsche had argued for the abandonment of morality - which he saw as the product of Judaism - in favor of the "will to power."

However, an entirely new scientific basis has been given to morality from two surprising directions: neo-Darwinism and the branch of mathematics known as Games Theory. As we will see, the discovery is intimately related to the story of Noah and the covenant made between God and humanity after the Flood.

Games theory was invented by one of the most brilliant minds of the 20th century, John von Neumann (1903-1957). He realised that the mathematical models used in economics were unrealistic and did not mirror the way decisions are made in the real world. Rational choice is not simply a matter of weighing alternatives and deciding between them. The reason is that the outcome of our decision often depends on how other people react to it, and usually we cannot know this in advance. Games theory, von Neumann's invention in 1944, was an attempt to produce a mathematical representation of choice under conditions of uncertainty. Six years later, it yielded its most famous paradox, known as the Prisoner's Dilemma.

Imagine two people, arrested by the police under suspicion of committing a crime. There is insufficient evidence to convict them on a serious charge; there is only enough to convict them of a lesser offense. The police decide to encourage each to inform against the other. They separate them and make each the following proposal: if you testify against the other suspect, you will go free, and he will be imprisoned for ten years. If he testifies against you, and you stay silent, you will be sentenced to ten years in prison, and he will go free. If you both testify against one another, you will each receive a five-year sentence. If both of you stay silent, you will each be convicted of the lesser charge and face a one-year sentence.

It doesn't take long to work out that the optimal strategy for each is to inform against the other. The result is that each will be imprisoned for five years. The paradox is that the best outcome would be for both to remain silent. They would then only face one year in prison. The reason that neither will opt for this strategy is that it depends on collaboration. However, since each is unable to know what the other is doing - there is no communication between them - they cannot take the risk of staying silent. The Prisoner's Dilemma is remarkable because it shows that two people, both acting rationally, will produce a result that is bad for both of them.

Eventually, a solution was discovered. The reason for the paradox is that the two prisoners find themselves in this situation only once. If it happened repeatedly, they would eventually discover that the best thing to do is to trust one another and co-operate.

In the meantime, biologists were wrestling with a phenomenon that puzzled Darwin. The theory of natural selection - popularly known as the survival of the fittest - suggests that the most ruthless individuals in any population will survive and hand their genes on to the next generation. Yet almost every society ever observed values individuals who are altruistic: who sacrifice their own advantage to help others. There seems to be a direct contradiction between these two facts.

The Prisoner's Dilemma suggested an answer. Individual self-interest often produces bad results. Any group which learns to cooperate, instead of compete, will be at an advantage relative to others. But, as the Prisoner' Dilemma showed, this needs repeated encounters - the so-called "Iterated (= repeated) Prisoner's dilemma". In the late 1970s, a competition was announced to find the computer program that did best at playing the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma against itself and other opponents.

The winning programme was devised by a Canadian, Anatole Rapoport, and was called Tit-for-Tat. It was dazzlingly simple: it began by co-operating, and then repeated the last move of its opponent. It worked on the rule of "What you did to me, I will do to you", or "measure for measure". This was the first time scientific proof had been given for any moral principle.

What is fascinating about this chain of discoveries is that it precisely mirrors the central principle of the covenant God made with Noah:

Whoever sheds the blood of man,
by man shall his blood be shed;
for in the image of God
has God made man.

This is measure for measure [in Hebrew, middah keneged middah], or retributive justice: As you do, so shall you be done to. In fact, at this point the Torah does something very subtle. The six words in which the principle is stated are a mirror image of one another: [1] Who sheds [2] the blood [3] of man, [3a] by man [2a] shall his blood [1a] be shed. This is a perfect example of style reflecting substance: what is done to us is a mirror image of what we do. The extraordinary fact is that the first moral principle set out in the Torah is also the first moral principle ever to be scientifically demonstrated. Tit-for-Tat is the computer equivalent of (retributive) justice: Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed.

The story has a sequel. In 1989, the Polish mathematician Martin Nowak produced a programme that beats Tit-for-Tat. He called it Generous. It overcame one weakness of Tit-for-Tat, namely that when you meet a particularly nasty opponent, you get drawn into a potentially endless and destructive cycle of retaliation, which is bad for both sides. Generous avoided this by randomly but periodically forgetting the last move of its opponent, thus allowing the relationship to begin again. What Nowak had produced, in fact, was a computer simulation of forgiveness.

Once again, the connection with the story of Noah and the Flood is direct. After the Flood, God vowed: "I will never again curse the ground for man's sake, although the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth; nor will I again destroy every living thing as I have done." This is the principle of Divine forgiveness.

Thus the two great principles of the Noahide covenant are also the first two principles to have been established by computer simulation. There is an objective basis for morality after all. It rests on two key ideas: justice and forgiveness, or what the sages called middat ha-din and middat rachamim. Without these, no group can survive in the long run.

In one of the first great works of Jewish philosophy - Sefer Emunot ve-Deot (The Book of Beliefs and Opinions) - R. Saadia Gaon (882-942) explained that the truths of the Torah could be established by reason. Why then was revelation necessary? Because it takes humanity time to arrive at truth, and there are many slips and pitfalls along the way. It took more than a thousand years after R. Saadia Gaon for humanity to demonstrate the fundamental moral truths that lie at the basis of God's covenant with humankind: that co-operation is as necessary as competition, that co-operation depends on trust, that trust requires justice, and that justice itself is incomplete without forgiveness. Morality is not simply what we choose it to be. It is part of the basic fabric of the universe, revealed to us by the universe's Creator, long ago.


Love Yehuda Lave


Subject: FW: Please indicate when passing !!!!


 
Subject: A Real Highway in Bolivia !
             
You  are about to see the 
most amazing road ever.   COME WITH ME .. .  
  In   Bolivia , South America  

Stremnaya  Road is nicknamed 'The Road of Death'
and it will  take no convincing as to how appropriate that is..  

Buckle  Up .. . . here  we go!  



Road of Death - Yungas Road (Stremnaya) - Bolivia

In Bolivia, Yungas Road is nicknamed 'The Road of Death,' and you will take no convincing as to how appropriate that is.






































The Yungas Road, as seen from Coroico. The North Yungas Road (also Grove's Road, Coroico Road, Camino de las Yungas, El Camino de la Muerte, Road of Death, and Death Road) is a 38 to 43 mile road (depending on source) leading from La Paz to Coroico, 35 miles (56 km) northeast of La Paz in the Yungas region of Bolivia. It is legendary for its extreme danger and in 1995 the Inter-American Development Bank christened it as the "world's most dangerous road" [1]. One estimate is that 200-300 travelers are killed yearly along the road [2]. The road moreover includes Christian crosses marking many of the spots where such vehicles have fallen. Upon leaving La Paz, the road first ascends up to around 5km, before descending to 1079 ft (330 m), transitioning quickly from cool altiplano terrain to rain forest as it winds through very steep hillsides and atop cliffs.

The road was built in the 1930s during the Chaco War by Paraguayan prisoners. It is one of the few routes that connects the Amazon rainforest region of northern Bolivia, or Yungas, to its capital city. However, an alternative, much safer, road connecting La Paz to Coroico is nearing completion.

Because of the extreme dropoffs, single-lane width, and lack of guardrails, the road is extremely dangerous. Further still, rain and fog can make visibility precarious, the road surface muddy, and loosen rocks from the hillsides above. On July 24, 1983, a bus veered off the Yungas Road and into a canyon, killing more than 100 passengers in what is said to be Bolivia's worst road accident. One of the local road rules specifies that the downhill driver never has the right of way and must move to the outer edge of the road. This forces fast vehicles to stop so that passing can be negotiated safely. The danger of the road ironically though has made it a popular tourist destination starting in the 1990s. Mountain biker enthusiasts, in particular, have made it a favorite destination for downhill biking.

Photographs of China's Guoliang Tunnel are often incorrectly identified as depicting Yungas Road. Yungas Road is also often incorrectly referred to as Stremnaya Road.

A South Yungas Road (also Chulumani Road) exists that connects La Paz to Chulumani, 40 miles (64 km) east of La Paz, and is considered to be nearly as dangerous as the north road.








Seen  Enough???  
Oh,  No . . . Your Trip Isn't Over  Yet!  
Check  that your seat belt is fastened one more time . .. .  


No  Traffic at all today!!  


Spoke  Too Soon.  


Get Right Down into Low For  This Hairpin
  

Ok...  Back into Top Gear and Accelerate  


That's  Great.. Doing Over 80 Now and Making Up  Time..  


It's  So Wide Here and Easy To Make The  Pass  


Hang  On.. Wish I Had The Inside Lane  


You  Just Honk and The Guy Coming Will Move Over  Huh?  


I  Don't Think He Heard Your Horn???  


Sorry?.  We Just Lost The Curb This  Morning  .. 


Not  Much Further Now..  

cid:18.1412353761@web84104.mail.mud.yahoo.com
Oh..  Father..  


Thanks  For Coming! You Made It This Time!  
After  That Ride, Tell Me  Honestly?.
Are  You Going To Complain About Your Lousy, Traffic


 



--
Visit my Blog: http://yehudalave.blogspot.com

Our Visit to the Cliffs of Moher included a stop at the rock shop in Part one, with a stop on the port
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x40tFV9ziOc